Acacia mangium

Willd. (1806)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Acacia

mangium wattle

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Tree 7–30 m high, normally with a straight bole that may occupy over half of the total tree height.

Stems: Bark rough, longitudinally furrowed, pale grey to dark brown. Branchlets stout, acutely angled, brown, fawn or green, glabrous, sometimes scurfy.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple, modified into phyllodes. Alternate. Phyllodes obliquely narrowly elliptic to obovate, sometimes ± dimidiate with substraight lower edge and clearly convex upper edge, 11–27 (–37) cm long, 23–100 mm wide. Blades thinly coriaceous or papery, dark green, glabrous. (3–) 4 (–5) prominent longitudinal veins (some or all running together at base of phyllode, but not confluent with lower margin), minor veins strongly anastomosing to form a fine reticulum, with elongated vein-islands. Gland 1–4.5 mm above pulvinus, an additional gland sometimes present at or near base of apical point of phyllode.

Flowers: Inflorescences normally comprising 1 or 2 spikes within axils of phyllodes; spikes 5–12 cm long, loosely arranged, white to cream-coloured; peduncles 6–10 mm long, minutely hairy. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx of 5 sepals; calyx 0.6–0.8 mm long, dissected to ⅕–¼ of length, pubescent. Corolla of 5 petals; corolla 1.8–2 mm long, dissected to ½ its length, with glabrous petals. Ovary superior, densely hairy.

Fruit: Pods ± irregularly coiled and twisted or sometimes tightly spirally coiled; 3–6 mm wide; coriaceous to subwoody; glabrous. Seeds longitudinal; oblong-elliptic to slightly reniform; 3.5–5 mm long; 2–3 mm wide; black; minutely pitted; areole almost closed; funicle folded beneath the seed; expanded into a bright yellow or orange (rarely red) aril.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Potentially naturalizing
Molokai Only found in cultivation
Maui Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Potentially naturalizing

Dispersal Agents

Birds
Forestry

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 1053 (1806)

Other References

Frohlich & Lau 2008:6 (NEWNAT/O, DESCR); Frohlich & Lau 2012:37 (K); Parker & Parsons 2012b:67 (H); Faccenda & Daehler 2024:35 (Mo? [adventive, Hoʻolehua])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Acacia mangium Lihue District. Approximately 2 km. past the arboretum at the top of Kuamoo Road. Spreading from the south side of Hanahanapuni carater, 0.75 km. to the Falcataria moluccana forest. About 7 plants along roadside. Spreading from large, dense population located on the south side of Hanahanapuni crater, 0.75 km. to the Falcataria moluccana forest Falctaria moluccana. Preserved_Specimen Tree, approximately 6 meters tall, bark dark grey-brown with longitudinal furrows, phyllodes variable in size and shape with leaves larger and broader near branch bases and on adjacent saplings; fruit tightly coiled. Brock, K. 793 Kauai BISH 2016-03-22
2 Acacia mangium Ninole mauka, N Hilo Naturalized. Under Eucalyptus canopy. Associates: Chamaechrista nictitans, Eucalyptus sp., Panicum maximum, Desmodium. Preserved_Specimen 15 - 20 ft tall tree sprouting up under Eucalyptus canopy. Large lvs with parallel veination. Parker, J. 137 Hawaii BISH 2010-09-13
3 Acacia mangium Wailua Homesteads, at entrance to gated road to the Wailua Reservoir, just outside of the fence fore the Unviersity of Hfawaii Wailua Experiment Station. Junction of Hwy 580 and Reservoir Dam Road Colle W/ Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Cinnamomum verum, Schefflera arboricola, S. actinophylla, Casuarina sp., Albizia falcataria, Spathodea campanulata, Clidemia hirta, Psidium guajava, Panicum maximum, Ficus. Preserved_Specimen Naturalizing. Tree 15 ft tall. Frts curled, light brown splitting, showing black seeds with orange arial. LVs dk green above and below. Ropugh red-brn bark. Tangalin, N. 1273 Kauai BISH 2007-05-24
4 Acacia mangium Kaneohe, Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden Naturalized . All life stage, seedlings more than 100 m from nearest tree. Preserved_Specimen Tree to 4 m, infructescences dense, composed of many tightly coiled pods. OED Oahu BISH
5 Acacia mangium Ho'omaluhia Botanial garden along road to Kahua Nui Disturbed forest. Preserved_Specimen Local patch of maybe 100 trees Faccenda, K. 2080 Oahu BISH 2021-08-14
6 Acacia mangium Oahu Forest NWR, Koa ridge, above Mililani Mauka. Site of October 30, 2023 fire. On ridge, edge of burned area, full sun, moist, formerly dominated by uluhe. Associated Miconia crenata, Trema orientale, Falcataria falcata, Livsonia chinensis, Acacia koa, Pterolepis glomerata, Citherxylum caudatum, Ardesia elliptica, Solanum mauritianum, Cecropia obtusifolia, Rubus rosifolius, Heliocarpus americanus, Andropogon virginicus, Psidium catleyanum (with tectococuss), Nephrolepis brownii Preserved_Specimen Leaves dark green and glossy. Arthur, K. 43 Oahu BISH 2025-02-10
7 Acacia mangium Kaneohe near Windward community college. UTM 623365, 2367237 Lowland residential area. Preserved_Specimen Single sapling about 3 m tall. Glaucous. Stems rusty brown in axils. No flowers or fruits. Lau, A. 2007092703 Oahu BISH 2007-09-27
8 Acacia mangium Kahuku Training Area, roadside on ridge east of Kaunala Gulch Forestry planting with Casuarina and Grevillea, Osteomeles, Wikstroemia, Santalum understory. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10-15 m tall; 150-200 mature trees planted (10-15 m tall) with 200+ immature (up to 2 m tall). Keir, M. Oahu BISH 2003-01-28
9 Acacia mangium Kahuku Training Area, roadside on ridge east of Kaunala Gulch Forestry planting with Casuarina and Grevillea, Osteomeles, Wikstroemia, Santalum understory. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10-15 m tall; 150-200 mature trees planted (10-15 m tall) with 200+ immature (up to 2 m tall). Keir, M. Oahu BISH 2003-01-28
10 Acacia mangium Pepeekeo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii
11 Acacia mangium Pepeekeo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 10/7/2002
12 Acacia mangium Pepeekeo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 10/7/2002
13 Acacia mangium Ho'olehua, Hua'ai Rd about 100 m S of its intersection with Rt. 460 Preserved_Specimen Trees planted as a windbreak around the perimeter of a farm. Several plants found growing in the roadside ditch, 2 of them appeared to be rootsuckers, but another 3 were clearly seedlings as they were able to be uprooted. Should be considered a questionab Faccenda, K. 2917 Molokai BISH 2022-12-27
14 Acacia mangium Lower Lumahai Valley, in pasture near hwy. Coastal mesic pasture. Preserved_Specimen Sapling/tree to 8 ft tall, no flowers or fruit present. OED 2010031101 Kauai BISH 2010-03-11
15 Acacia mangium Pepeekeo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 8/15/2002
16 Acacia mangium Waimanalo, UH Experimental Station Preserved_Specimen Large tree Ziegler, M.F. Oahu BISH 1986-09-03
17 Acacia mangium Waimanalo, UH Experimental Station, next to experimental area Preserved_Specimen large tree Ziegler, M.F. Oahu BISH 1986-09-03
18 Acacia mangium Wailua, University of Hawaii Agricultral Experiment Station, near Wailua Reservoir Preserved_Specimen Trees 10 m, pods spiral Zins, M. Kauai BISH 2011-04-08
19 Acacia mangium Wailua, University of Hawaii Agricultral Experiment Station, near Wailua Reservoir Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m, pods spiral Zins, M. Kauai BISH 2011-04-08
20 Acacia mangium East Maui, Makawao District, Hamakuapoko Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50210 Maui BISH 2002-05-04
21 Acacia mangium East Maui, Makawao District, Hamakuapoko Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50210 Maui BISH 2002-05-04
22 Acacia mangium Puna, Hawaiian Acres HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii
23 Acacia mangium Pepeekeo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 8/15/2002